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Isoflurane

IsoFlo, Forane

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Sourced from primary literature. Awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer — our editorial process.

Drug Class

Anesthetic

Routes

INHALATION

Indications

General anesthesiaGeneral anesthesia (maintenance)

Mechanism of Action

Enhances inhibitory GABA-A receptors and blocks excitatory NMDA receptors, producing dose-dependent general anesthesia.

Side effects & warnings

Most commonly used inhalant anesthetic in veterinary medicine. Dose-dependent hypotension. Minimal hepatic metabolism. Use with precision vaporizer only. Suitable for all species including exotics.

Species with Isoflurane dosing data (5 dose rules)

Evidence levels across 5 dose rules

Strong×4Moderate×1

Each ExoticRx dose rule is graded by the strength of its primary evidence — see the editorial process.

Backed by 2 published primary sources

  • · Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed
  • · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 9th Ed

Sample dosing (2 of 5 cited rules)

Free-tier preview — dog and cat dosing. Pro and Student unlock all 5 species including reptiles, birds, pocket pets, livestock, and equine.

SpeciesRouteDoseFrequencyEvidenceSource
Dog (Domestic)INHALATION1.5–2.5 % (MAC 1.3%)ContinuousStrongPlumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 9th Ed
Cat (Domestic)INHALATION1.5–2.5 % (MAC 1.6%)ContinuousStrongPlumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 9th Ed

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